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doc: Release update. 

* BOOTSTRAP: Update.
* HACKING: Update.
* NEWS: Update.
* README: Update.
* doc/mes.texi (Submitting Patches): Fix misquoting, misattribution.
This commit is contained in:
Jan Nieuwenhuizen 2018-09-05 07:05:08 +02:00
parent 9a36cf22d0
commit bb6d786736
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8 changed files with 339 additions and 173 deletions
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9
BOOTSTRAP
View File

@ -99,16 +99,15 @@ be source.
https://gitlab.com/janneke/tinycc
* TODO
** upstream mes-boot to GuixSD.
** replace GuixSD bootstrap for x86.
** remove or upstream patches from tcc-boot
** prepare src/mes.c for M2-Planet transpiler.
** arm, the Hurd
** fix bootstrap-loops: (Nyacc?, mes.M2, psyntax.pp?)
** make GNU gcc (8.0?) bootstrappable again, remove [need for] tcc stage
** integrate with GuixSD
** x86_64, arm, the Hurd
* DONE
** upstream mes-boot to GuixSD.
** replace GuixSD bootstrap for x86_64.
** replace GuixSD bootstrap for x86.
** add full source gcc-4.7 package build.
** bootstrap gcc+glibc-built binutils-20.1, gcc-4.1.0.
** have tcc-boot compile gnutools triplet: binutils-2.14, gcc-2.95.3, glibc-2.2.5.

40
HACKING
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@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ To help development we assume ./configure sets these variables for make
CC -- gcc
CC32 -- i686-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (or on x86, also gcc)
CC64 -- gcc for use with Mes C Library: -nostdinc, -nostdlib
GUILE -- guile
HEX2 -- hex2
MES -- unset
@ -41,8 +42,12 @@ during development.
Gcc is used to verify the sanity of our C sources.
i686-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc is used to compare hex/assembly, to test
the gcc variant of Mes-libc: lib/libc-gcc.c and steal ideas. Target
prefix: mlibc-gcc.
the gcc variant of Mes C Libirary.
Target prefix: mes-gcc.
gcc (CC64) -nostdinc,-nostdlib is used to compare hex/assembly, to test
the 64bit variant of Mes C Library.
Target prefix: x86_64-mes-gcc.
Guile is used to develop MesCC, the C compiler in Scheme that during
bootstrapping will be executed by Mes.
@ -66,40 +71,31 @@ mes.c.
* ROADMAP
** TODO
*** release 0.x, unsorted
- upstream mes-boot to GuixSD.
- replace bootstrap utils (with gash?): flex, bash, bzip2,
coreutils, gawk, grep, gzip, sed, tar.
- replace bootstrap utils with Gash: bash, coreutils, grep, gzip,
sed, tar.
- tcc: remove or upstream patches from tcc-boot.
- tcc: build 0.9.27 directly instead of via 0.9.26,
see tinycc wip-bootstrappable@0.9.27 branch
- tcc: build 0.9.27 directly instead of via 0.9.26, see tinycc
wip-bootstrappable@0.9.27 branch
- mes: performance!
- mes: prepare src/mes.c for M2-Planet transpiler,
Jeremiah branched-out from mes; see https://github.com/oriansj/mes-m2.
- mes: real module support, bonus for supporting Guile's define-module/define-public syntax.
- mes: we're a full Scheme now, drop .MES suffix, use .SCM.
+ find a way to fix foo.mes/foo.scm trickery (full Guile-like module support?)
+ how about setting `guile' or even `guile-2' cond-expand features
for external libraries (Nyacc) we look like Guile/Guile-2
internally, we could make sure to start every cond-expand with (mes)
- mes: use more efficient scheme continuation stack (wip-array?)
- mes: drop SCM stack in C / implement call/cc a la guile-1.8 setjmp?
- mes/mescc: bootstrap a minimal-Guile
- mes/mescc: bootstrap a minimal-Guile?
+ libguile/{eval,init,list,strings,values,..}.c
+ ice-9/eval.scm
- mescc: have mes-tcc pass all scaffold/tests, scaffold/tinycc tests.
- mescc: support long long.
- mescc: support long long?
- mescc: full support for floats?
- mescc: some success with 8cc,pcc,guile/libguile/eval.c.
- mescc: some success with 8cc,pcc,guile/libguile/eval.c?
- build: guile/guix/make.scm: add file-types, intermediate, hash all dependencies
- build: make.scm: imperative->declaritive
- get full source syntax-case up (Andre van Tonder?) OR drop it.
https://srfi.schemers.org/srfi-72/srfi-72.html
psyntax/syntax-case and rewrite Nyacc without syntax-case+R7RS Ellipsis.
- mescc: split-off MesCC as as standalone Guile C compiler project.
*** release 1.0
- replace GuixSD's bootstrap binaries for x86.
- add x86_64, replace GuixSD's bootstrap binaries for x86_64.
- more architectures (does GuixSD require this, i.e. before 1.0?).
** DONE
*** 0.18 GNU mes now supports GuixSD bootstrap (x86,x86_64) and has native x86_64 support.
*** 0.17.1 GNU Mes now allows removing glibc, binutils and gcc from the GuixSD bootstrap.
*** 0.17 GNU Mes is now an official GNU project and bootstraps gcc-4.7.4.
*** 0.16.1 Mes now has info docs and installs ootb on Debian buster/testing.
@ -261,3 +257,7 @@ https://miyuki.github.io/2017/10/04/gcc-archaeology-1.html
** rain1's Bootstrapping Wiki: https://bootstrapping.miraheze.org/wiki/Main_Page
** rain1's hex86
https://notabug.org/rain1/hex86/src/master/tests/hex0b3.hex86
** <pdewacht> janneke, have you ever tried testing mescc with csmith? [10:55]
** <pdewacht> e.g. as described here
https://jamey.thesharps.us/2016/07/15/testing-strategies-for-corrode/
("Randomized testing with Csmith and C-Reduce") [10:58]

4
INSTALL
View File

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ similar way.
*** Other GNU/Linux
- [[https://github.com/oriansj/mescc-tools][mescc-tools]], 0.5 is known to work.
- [[https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/nyacc][Nyacc]], [[https://gitlab.com/janneke/nyacc][patched Nyacc]] 0.80.42 is known to work.
- [[https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/nyacc][Nyacc]], 0.86.0 is known to work.
- GNU Gcc, 4.9.3 is known to work.
- GNU Guile, version 2.0.12 or is know to work.
- SH, /bin/sh, GNU Bash 4.3 is known to work.
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/tree/gnu/packages/mes.scm?h=wip-bootst
** Prerequisites
- [[https://github.com/oriansj/mescc-tools][mescc-tools]], 0.5 is known to work.
- [[https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/nyacc][Nyacc]], [[https://gitlab.com/janneke/nyacc][patched Nyacc]] 0.80.42 is known to work.
- [[https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/nyacc][Nyacc]], 0.86.0 is known to work.
- [[https://gitlab.com/janneke/mes-seed][mes-seed]], 0.17.1 is known to work.
** Build it

17
NEWS
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@ -10,10 +10,23 @@ Copyright © 2016,2017,2018 Jan (janneke) Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org>
Please send Mes bug reports to bug-mes@gnu.org.
* Changes in 0.17.1 since 0.17
* Changes in 0.18 since 0.17.1
** Core
*** Mes/MesCC now supports x86_64.
*** Mes/MesCC now brings a Reduced Binary Seed bootstrap to GuixSD.
** Language
*** fold-right now supports 3 lists.
** MesCC
*** Mes C Library has now been exploded into a separate C f per function.
*** MesCC now supports x86_64 (also as cross build), using -m 64.
*** Mes C Library now has better support for bootstrapping gcc-3.0.
*** Mes C test suite now has 178 tests; 74 tests were added.
*** MesCC has been refactored to support use an abstracted assembly language.
*** MesCC now uses Nyacc 0.86.0.
** Noteworthy bug fixes
*** scaffold/tests/7s-struct-short.c has been fixed.
* Changes in 0.17.1 since 0.17
** MesCC
*** Mes C Library has now been exploded into a separate C file per function.
*** Mes C Library now bootstraps glibc-2.16.0, binutils-2.20.1, gcc-4.7.4.
*** Mes C Library now supports compiling make-3.82.
*** Mes C Library now supports compiling diffutils-2.7.

24
README
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@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
#+COMMENT: -*- org -*-
g#+COMMENT: -*- org -*-
#+TITLE: About GNU Mes
#+SUBTITLE: Maxwell Equations of Software
[[https://www.gnu.org/software/mes][GNU Mes]] aims to help create full
source bootstrapping for GNU/Linux distributions such as
[[https://www.gnu.org/software/guix][GuixSD]] as part of the
[[https://www.gnu.org/software/mes][GNU Mes]] brings a [[http://joyofsource.com/reduced-binary-seed-bootstrap.html][Reduced Binary Seed bootstrap]] to [[https://www.gnu.org/software/guix][GuixSD]] and
potentially to any other interested GNU/Linux distribution, and aims
to help create a full source bootstrap as part of the
[[http://bootstrappable.org][bootstrappable builds]] effort.
It consists of a mutual self-hosting Scheme interpreter written in
@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ C-compiler: MesCC.
Mes+MesCC can compile an only [[http://gitlab.com/janneke/tinycc][lightly patched TinyCC]] that is
self-hosting. Using this tcc and the Mes C library we now have a
reduced-binary-seed bootstrap for the gnutools triplet: glibc-2.16.0,
binutils-2.20.1, gcc-4.7.4. This is enough to replace the GuixSD
boostrap for i686-linux.
Reduced Binary Seed bootstrap for the gnutools triplet: glibc-2.2.5,
binutils-2.20.1, gcc-2.95.3. This is enough to bootstrap GuixSD for
i686-linux and x86_64-linux.
Mes is inspired by The Maxwell Equations of Software: [[http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/LISP/book/LISP%201.5%20Programmers%20Manual.pdf][LISP-1.5]] -- John
McCarthy page 13, GNU Guix's source/binary packaging transparency and
@ -48,15 +48,17 @@ General Public Licence version 3 or later. See the file [[file:COPYING][COPYING
* REPL it
#+BEGIN_SRC bash
src/mes.gcc # default (64 bit) gcc-compiled
src/mes.mlibc-gcc # 32 bit, gcc -nostdlib
src/mes # 32 bit, bootstrapped, mes.M1+MesCC-compiled
src/mes.gcc-out # default (64 bit) gcc-compiled
src/mes.mes-gcc-out # 32 bit, gcc -nostdlib, Mes C Lib
src/mes.mes-out # 32 bit, bootstrapped, mes.M1+MesCC-compiled
src/mes.x86_64-mes-gcc-out # 64 bit, gcc -nostdlib, Mes C Lib
src/mes.x86_64-mes-out # 64 bit, bootstrapped, mes.M1+MesCC-compiled
#+END_SRC
* MesCC compiler
#+BEGIN_SRC bash
scripts/mescc -c scaffold/main.c
./pre-inst env mescc -c scaffold/main.c
#+END_SRC
* Bugs

2
configure vendored
View File

@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ Some influential environment variables:
(make-dep "help2man" '(1 47) #:optional? #t)
(make-dep "perl" '(5) #:optional? #t)
(make-dep "git" '(2) #:optional? #t))))
(deps (cons (check-program-version (make-dep "nyacc" '(0 80 41) #:commands (list (string-append (file-name "guile" deps) " -c '(use-modules (nyacc lalr)) (display *nyacc-version*)'")) #:file-name #t))
(deps (cons (check-program-version (make-dep "nyacc" '(0 86 0) #:commands (list (string-append (file-name "guile" deps) " -c '(use-modules (nyacc lalr)) (display *nyacc-version*)'")) #:file-name #t))
deps))
(deps (if (file-name "cc" deps)
(cons* (check-header-c (make-dep "stdio.h"))

208
doc/images/gcc-mesboot-graph.dot
View File

@ -1,90 +1,124 @@
digraph "Guix bag" {
"/gnu/store/7301q9aw9b444rw60r7sipm3iyfqzwnh-gcc-mesboot-4.7.4.drv" [label = "gcc-mesboot@4.7.4", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/7301q9aw9b444rw60r7sipm3iyfqzwnh-gcc-mesboot-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/bcgn4pbq8ypwr64lqwpj6i5wmqasgisc-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/7301q9aw9b444rw60r7sipm3iyfqzwnh-gcc-mesboot-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/8075vsabf755bgm8i3f4x1b1pfp8liqc-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/7301q9aw9b444rw60r7sipm3iyfqzwnh-gcc-mesboot-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jiv0ii6rybn7f3vmny68yfzlw21zndm1-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/7301q9aw9b444rw60r7sipm3iyfqzwnh-gcc-mesboot-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/7301q9aw9b444rw60r7sipm3iyfqzwnh-gcc-mesboot-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/7301q9aw9b444rw60r7sipm3iyfqzwnh-gcc-mesboot-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/f6im9aa6dih27mzbcn0nzhpimx1x3fbz-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/7301q9aw9b444rw60r7sipm3iyfqzwnh-gcc-mesboot-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/drs84w7k2bjl91virvqgd2vll0c321wp-linux-libre-headers-bootstrap-0.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/7301q9aw9b444rw60r7sipm3iyfqzwnh-gcc-mesboot-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/s6g5nfjabl97s0kk4alvgxfs6n8f1k9c-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/bcgn4pbq8ypwr64lqwpj6i5wmqasgisc-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" [label = "binutils-mesboot@2.20.1a", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/bcgn4pbq8ypwr64lqwpj6i5wmqasgisc-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/56ykhaizzgaf05854bdmd9dll0s81zvr-binutils-mesboot0-2.20.1a.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/bcgn4pbq8ypwr64lqwpj6i5wmqasgisc-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jiv0ii6rybn7f3vmny68yfzlw21zndm1-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/bcgn4pbq8ypwr64lqwpj6i5wmqasgisc-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/8075vsabf755bgm8i3f4x1b1pfp8liqc-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/bcgn4pbq8ypwr64lqwpj6i5wmqasgisc-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/bcgn4pbq8ypwr64lqwpj6i5wmqasgisc-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/bcgn4pbq8ypwr64lqwpj6i5wmqasgisc-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/f6im9aa6dih27mzbcn0nzhpimx1x3fbz-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/bcgn4pbq8ypwr64lqwpj6i5wmqasgisc-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/drs84w7k2bjl91virvqgd2vll0c321wp-linux-libre-headers-bootstrap-0.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/bcgn4pbq8ypwr64lqwpj6i5wmqasgisc-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jk9r6i5y06jx00pbs36djkl07qvaq37b-make-mesboot0-3.80.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/56ykhaizzgaf05854bdmd9dll0s81zvr-binutils-mesboot0-2.20.1a.drv" [label = "binutils-mesboot0@2.20.1a", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/56ykhaizzgaf05854bdmd9dll0s81zvr-binutils-mesboot0-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/hx26z6mcprq63wpv7qxvkzfyb7m7y21f-tcc-boot-0.9.27.drv" [color = magenta];
"/gnu/store/56ykhaizzgaf05854bdmd9dll0s81zvr-binutils-mesboot0-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = magenta];
"/gnu/store/56ykhaizzgaf05854bdmd9dll0s81zvr-binutils-mesboot0-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = magenta];
"/gnu/store/56ykhaizzgaf05854bdmd9dll0s81zvr-binutils-mesboot0-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/f6im9aa6dih27mzbcn0nzhpimx1x3fbz-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" [color = magenta];
"/gnu/store/56ykhaizzgaf05854bdmd9dll0s81zvr-binutils-mesboot0-2.20.1a.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jk9r6i5y06jx00pbs36djkl07qvaq37b-make-mesboot0-3.80.drv" [color = magenta];
"/gnu/store/hx26z6mcprq63wpv7qxvkzfyb7m7y21f-tcc-boot-0.9.27.drv" [label = "tcc-boot@0.9.27", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/hx26z6mcprq63wpv7qxvkzfyb7m7y21f-tcc-boot-0.9.27.drv" -> "/gnu/store/vsmyymmby9k68rk272z9pjz7r2nzakqd-mes-boot-0.17.drv" [color = cyan3];
"/gnu/store/hx26z6mcprq63wpv7qxvkzfyb7m7y21f-tcc-boot-0.9.27.drv" -> "/gnu/store/0fn8gpb337qkwwyil1n454arihyks016-tcc-boot0-0.9.26-2.b7aa906.drv" [color = cyan3];
"/gnu/store/hx26z6mcprq63wpv7qxvkzfyb7m7y21f-tcc-boot-0.9.27.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = cyan3];
"/gnu/store/vsmyymmby9k68rk272z9pjz7r2nzakqd-mes-boot-0.17.drv" [label = "mes-boot@0.17", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/vsmyymmby9k68rk272z9pjz7r2nzakqd-mes-boot-0.17.drv" -> "/gnu/store/sg0wyd627wnjgbz3h81wpw40mvycd9a4-mescc-tools-boot-0.4-1.f02b8f4.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/vsmyymmby9k68rk272z9pjz7r2nzakqd-mes-boot-0.17.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/vsmyymmby9k68rk272z9pjz7r2nzakqd-mes-boot-0.17.drv" -> "/gnu/store/1dz9ddx84s4lgpcayy71kd01w493ab8f-guile-bootstrap-2.0.drv" [color = peachpuff4];
"/gnu/store/sg0wyd627wnjgbz3h81wpw40mvycd9a4-mescc-tools-boot-0.4-1.f02b8f4.drv" [label = "mescc-tools-boot@0.4-1.f02b8f4", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/sg0wyd627wnjgbz3h81wpw40mvycd9a4-mescc-tools-boot-0.4-1.f02b8f4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = blue];
"/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [label = "bootstrap-binaries@0", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/1dz9ddx84s4lgpcayy71kd01w493ab8f-guile-bootstrap-2.0.drv" [label = "guile-bootstrap@2.0", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/0fn8gpb337qkwwyil1n454arihyks016-tcc-boot0-0.9.26-2.b7aa906.drv" [label = "tcc-boot0@0.9.26-2.b7aa906", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/0fn8gpb337qkwwyil1n454arihyks016-tcc-boot0-0.9.26-2.b7aa906.drv" -> "/gnu/store/vsmyymmby9k68rk272z9pjz7r2nzakqd-mes-boot-0.17.drv" [color = dimgrey];
"/gnu/store/0fn8gpb337qkwwyil1n454arihyks016-tcc-boot0-0.9.26-2.b7aa906.drv" -> "/gnu/store/sg0wyd627wnjgbz3h81wpw40mvycd9a4-mescc-tools-boot-0.4-1.f02b8f4.drv" [color = dimgrey];
"/gnu/store/0fn8gpb337qkwwyil1n454arihyks016-tcc-boot0-0.9.26-2.b7aa906.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = dimgrey];
"/gnu/store/0fn8gpb337qkwwyil1n454arihyks016-tcc-boot0-0.9.26-2.b7aa906.drv" -> "/gnu/store/1dz9ddx84s4lgpcayy71kd01w493ab8f-guile-bootstrap-2.0.drv" [color = dimgrey];
"/gnu/store/f6im9aa6dih27mzbcn0nzhpimx1x3fbz-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" [label = "diffutils-mesboot@2.7", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/f6im9aa6dih27mzbcn0nzhpimx1x3fbz-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" -> "/gnu/store/vsmyymmby9k68rk272z9pjz7r2nzakqd-mes-boot-0.17.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/f6im9aa6dih27mzbcn0nzhpimx1x3fbz-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" -> "/gnu/store/hx26z6mcprq63wpv7qxvkzfyb7m7y21f-tcc-boot-0.9.27.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/f6im9aa6dih27mzbcn0nzhpimx1x3fbz-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/f6im9aa6dih27mzbcn0nzhpimx1x3fbz-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jjv0nyliqz0sl6hpqn5nv88z1g20a29a-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
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"/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" -> "/gnu/store/6112c8hrb47fd1svdjyaiy79x3r1ryv3-binutils-mesboot0-2.20.1a.drv" [color = dimgrey];
"/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" -> "/gnu/store/3hqzkw9ag2f3p1skzynr0wq3499ghmsf-gcc-core-mesboot-2.95.3.drv" [color = dimgrey];
"/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = dimgrey];
"/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = dimgrey];
"/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jrqric1r8zyiw50rzb6q2mrfhf3yi0nc-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" [color = dimgrey];
"/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" -> "/gnu/store/sivwa9pmj19nfad8zavgqjll11hahcyb-mesboot-headers-0.18.drv" [color = dimgrey];
"/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" -> "/gnu/store/qkrrqygyc11bq450xq4jxkaj4aqf8xlv-make-mesboot0-3.80.drv" [color = dimgrey];
"/gnu/store/3hqzkw9ag2f3p1skzynr0wq3499ghmsf-gcc-core-mesboot-2.95.3.drv" [label = "gcc-core-mesboot@2.95.3", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/3hqzkw9ag2f3p1skzynr0wq3499ghmsf-gcc-core-mesboot-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/6112c8hrb47fd1svdjyaiy79x3r1ryv3-binutils-mesboot0-2.20.1a.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/3hqzkw9ag2f3p1skzynr0wq3499ghmsf-gcc-core-mesboot-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/15srbzj4y43vwfv79fxf1v1ajjw5kjwa-tcc-boot-0.9.27.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/3hqzkw9ag2f3p1skzynr0wq3499ghmsf-gcc-core-mesboot-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/3hqzkw9ag2f3p1skzynr0wq3499ghmsf-gcc-core-mesboot-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/3hqzkw9ag2f3p1skzynr0wq3499ghmsf-gcc-core-mesboot-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jrqric1r8zyiw50rzb6q2mrfhf3yi0nc-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/3hqzkw9ag2f3p1skzynr0wq3499ghmsf-gcc-core-mesboot-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/qkrrqygyc11bq450xq4jxkaj4aqf8xlv-make-mesboot0-3.80.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/sivwa9pmj19nfad8zavgqjll11hahcyb-mesboot-headers-0.18.drv" [label = "mesboot-headers@0.18", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/sivwa9pmj19nfad8zavgqjll11hahcyb-mesboot-headers-0.18.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkviolet];
"/gnu/store/sivwa9pmj19nfad8zavgqjll11hahcyb-mesboot-headers-0.18.drv" -> "/gnu/store/72kjcwwjxbkhblx6wrfd7kn2y0lmfyy0-linux-libre-headers-bootstrap-0.drv" [color = darkviolet];
"/gnu/store/72kjcwwjxbkhblx6wrfd7kn2y0lmfyy0-linux-libre-headers-bootstrap-0.drv" [label = "linux-libre-headers-bootstrap@0", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/20r0xxzq1nah1rx23sv5d22sjlinj820-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" [label = "gcc-mesboot0@2.95.3", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/20r0xxzq1nah1rx23sv5d22sjlinj820-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/6112c8hrb47fd1svdjyaiy79x3r1ryv3-binutils-mesboot0-2.20.1a.drv" [color = darkviolet];
"/gnu/store/20r0xxzq1nah1rx23sv5d22sjlinj820-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/3hqzkw9ag2f3p1skzynr0wq3499ghmsf-gcc-core-mesboot-2.95.3.drv" [color = darkviolet];
"/gnu/store/20r0xxzq1nah1rx23sv5d22sjlinj820-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" [color = darkviolet];
"/gnu/store/20r0xxzq1nah1rx23sv5d22sjlinj820-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkviolet];
"/gnu/store/20r0xxzq1nah1rx23sv5d22sjlinj820-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkviolet];
"/gnu/store/20r0xxzq1nah1rx23sv5d22sjlinj820-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jrqric1r8zyiw50rzb6q2mrfhf3yi0nc-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" [color = darkviolet];
"/gnu/store/20r0xxzq1nah1rx23sv5d22sjlinj820-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/72kjcwwjxbkhblx6wrfd7kn2y0lmfyy0-linux-libre-headers-bootstrap-0.drv" [color = darkviolet];
"/gnu/store/20r0xxzq1nah1rx23sv5d22sjlinj820-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" -> "/gnu/store/qkrrqygyc11bq450xq4jxkaj4aqf8xlv-make-mesboot0-3.80.drv" [color = darkviolet];
"/gnu/store/7nv5rwsxx4v2g5fgbilj0c96gx34897q-gcc-mesboot1-wrapper-4.7.4.drv" [label = "gcc-mesboot1-wrapper@4.7.4", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/7nv5rwsxx4v2g5fgbilj0c96gx34897q-gcc-mesboot1-wrapper-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = blue];
"/gnu/store/7nv5rwsxx4v2g5fgbilj0c96gx34897q-gcc-mesboot1-wrapper-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/1aqmzzsa18kmckm6jw9slr4i0xkrw9g0-glibc-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" [color = blue];
"/gnu/store/7nv5rwsxx4v2g5fgbilj0c96gx34897q-gcc-mesboot1-wrapper-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" [color = blue];
"/gnu/store/1aqmzzsa18kmckm6jw9slr4i0xkrw9g0-glibc-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" [label = "glibc-mesboot@2.16.0", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/1aqmzzsa18kmckm6jw9slr4i0xkrw9g0-glibc-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/rpz0s3f2cfhsvj6734ss2j4jqisly67x-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/1aqmzzsa18kmckm6jw9slr4i0xkrw9g0-glibc-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/1aqmzzsa18kmckm6jw9slr4i0xkrw9g0-glibc-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/hcyw9rs7n3w9kj3xf230509fhjqfxcvj-glibc-headers-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/1aqmzzsa18kmckm6jw9slr4i0xkrw9g0-glibc-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/1aqmzzsa18kmckm6jw9slr4i0xkrw9g0-glibc-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/1aqmzzsa18kmckm6jw9slr4i0xkrw9g0-glibc-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/1aqmzzsa18kmckm6jw9slr4i0xkrw9g0-glibc-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jrqric1r8zyiw50rzb6q2mrfhf3yi0nc-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/1aqmzzsa18kmckm6jw9slr4i0xkrw9g0-glibc-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/72kjcwwjxbkhblx6wrfd7kn2y0lmfyy0-linux-libre-headers-bootstrap-0.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/1aqmzzsa18kmckm6jw9slr4i0xkrw9g0-glibc-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/b84wdn9yjagp0z7dklqaac3nhabllcxp-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/hcyw9rs7n3w9kj3xf230509fhjqfxcvj-glibc-headers-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" [label = "glibc-headers-mesboot@2.16.0", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/hcyw9rs7n3w9kj3xf230509fhjqfxcvj-glibc-headers-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/rpz0s3f2cfhsvj6734ss2j4jqisly67x-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/hcyw9rs7n3w9kj3xf230509fhjqfxcvj-glibc-headers-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/hcyw9rs7n3w9kj3xf230509fhjqfxcvj-glibc-headers-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/hcyw9rs7n3w9kj3xf230509fhjqfxcvj-glibc-headers-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/sivwa9pmj19nfad8zavgqjll11hahcyb-mesboot-headers-0.18.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/hcyw9rs7n3w9kj3xf230509fhjqfxcvj-glibc-headers-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/hcyw9rs7n3w9kj3xf230509fhjqfxcvj-glibc-headers-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/hcyw9rs7n3w9kj3xf230509fhjqfxcvj-glibc-headers-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jrqric1r8zyiw50rzb6q2mrfhf3yi0nc-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/hcyw9rs7n3w9kj3xf230509fhjqfxcvj-glibc-headers-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/72kjcwwjxbkhblx6wrfd7kn2y0lmfyy0-linux-libre-headers-bootstrap-0.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/hcyw9rs7n3w9kj3xf230509fhjqfxcvj-glibc-headers-mesboot-2.16.0.drv" -> "/gnu/store/b84wdn9yjagp0z7dklqaac3nhabllcxp-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" [label = "gcc-mesboot1@4.7.4", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/rpz0s3f2cfhsvj6734ss2j4jqisly67x-binutils-mesboot-2.20.1a.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/20r0xxzq1nah1rx23sv5d22sjlinj820-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/jrqric1r8zyiw50rzb6q2mrfhf3yi0nc-diffutils-mesboot-2.7.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/72kjcwwjxbkhblx6wrfd7kn2y0lmfyy0-linux-libre-headers-bootstrap-0.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/9bi0anc7vq3m6zm845wyaq9mfdasyqkg-gcc-mesboot1-4.7.4.drv" -> "/gnu/store/b84wdn9yjagp0z7dklqaac3nhabllcxp-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" [color = darkseagreen];
"/gnu/store/b84wdn9yjagp0z7dklqaac3nhabllcxp-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" [label = "make-mesboot@3.82", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
"/gnu/store/b84wdn9yjagp0z7dklqaac3nhabllcxp-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" -> "/gnu/store/6112c8hrb47fd1svdjyaiy79x3r1ryv3-binutils-mesboot0-2.20.1a.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/b84wdn9yjagp0z7dklqaac3nhabllcxp-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" -> "/gnu/store/yc8llxzasyyq94h71knnd3p0fqkbhd37-glibc-mesboot0-2.2.5.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/b84wdn9yjagp0z7dklqaac3nhabllcxp-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" -> "/gnu/store/20r0xxzq1nah1rx23sv5d22sjlinj820-gcc-mesboot0-2.95.3.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/b84wdn9yjagp0z7dklqaac3nhabllcxp-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" -> "/gnu/store/qkrrqygyc11bq450xq4jxkaj4aqf8xlv-make-mesboot0-3.80.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/b84wdn9yjagp0z7dklqaac3nhabllcxp-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/b84wdn9yjagp0z7dklqaac3nhabllcxp-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" -> "/gnu/store/ksmskl74pjjanjvak62pnyxpkphylrnf-bootstrap-binaries-0.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
"/gnu/store/b84wdn9yjagp0z7dklqaac3nhabllcxp-make-mesboot-3.82.drv" -> "/gnu/store/72kjcwwjxbkhblx6wrfd7kn2y0lmfyy0-linux-libre-headers-bootstrap-0.drv" [color = darkgoldenrod];
}

208
doc/mes.texi
View File

@ -115,13 +115,19 @@ These were “Maxwell’s Equations of Software!”
@author Alan Kay
@end quotation
GNU Mes@footnote{``Mes'' is an acronym for the Maxwell Equations of
Software.} consists of a mutual self-hosting Scheme interpreter written
in C and a Nyacc-based (see @pxref{NYACC User's Guide,,, nyacc-ug, NYACC
User's Guide}) C compiler written in Scheme.
The purpose of GNU Mes@footnote{``Mes'' is an acronym for the Maxwell
Equations of Software.} is to help create a computer operating system
that we can trust.
The Scheme interpreter @file{mes.c} is about 5000LOC of restricted C and
intended to be bootstrappable using a very simple C compiler.
Mes consists of a mutual self-hosting Scheme interpreter written in C
and a Nyacc-based (see @pxref{NYACC User's Guide,,, nyacc-ug, NYACC
User's Guide}) C compiler written in Scheme. The Scheme interpreter
@file{mes.c} is about 5000LOC of restricted C and intended to be
bootstrappable using a very simple C compiler.
If we want to trust our computers to do what we instructed them to do
then we need to be able to inspect all instructions---all
softwares---that we have given it to run.
@section Software Freedom
@cindex purpose
@ -154,11 +160,25 @@ essential freedoms:
@end enumerate
@end quotation
So we have access to the software, we have studied it, possibly modified
it, we built it and we installed it on a computer or some device. How
can we trust that when we run the program we are indeed running the
untainted product of the source code that we studied? Unless we are
certain of this we cannot really enjoy freedom 1.
A computer operating system that respects the user's freedom is one
essential ingredient for building a reliable, trustable computing
system. There are about a dozen general purpose operating systems that
can be trusted in this way, see
@url{https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html, Free Distributions}.
For all softwares on such a system we have the full source code and
build recipes available.
@c The Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG)@footnote{Examples of
@c free operating systems are GNU GuixSD, GNU Parabola and Trisquel, see
@c https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html}
@c can serve as help to create such a system
So we have access to all the software, we have studied it, possibly
modified it, then we built it and we installed it on a computer or some
device or appliance. How can we trust that when we run the program we
are indeed running the untainted product of the source code that we
studied? Unless we are certain of this we cannot really enjoy
Freedom 1.
@menu
* Reproducible Builds:: Reproducibility and free software.
@ -170,8 +190,10 @@ certain of this we cannot really enjoy freedom 1.
@section Reproducible Builds
The current Reproducible Builds effort incubated in the Debian
project@footnote{@url{http://debian.org, The Debian Project}} and was organized by Lunar. Quoting
the Reproducible Builds website@footnote{@url{https://reproducible-builds.org/,Reproducible Builds}}
project@footnote{@url{http://debian.org, The Debian Project}} and was
organized by Lunar. Quoting the Reproducible Builds
website@footnote{@url{https://reproducible-builds.org/,Reproducible
Builds}}
@quotation
A build is reproducible if given the same source code, build environment
@ -183,11 +205,11 @@ copies of all specified artifacts.
Now consider the opposite, that a second build of a piece of source code
produces a different binary program. Upon further investigation we
might find that the only difference is a timestamp that was embedded in
the binary, or perhaps the name of the directory it was built in. Such
investigations can be nontrivial and are highly unpractical. And what
if the binary difference is not so trivial, cannot be easily accounted
for?
might find that the only difference is probably harmless: a timestamp
that was embedded in the binary, or perhaps the name of the user that
built it or directory it was built in. Such investigations can be
nontrivial and are highly unpractical. And what if the binary
difference is not so trivial, cannot be easily accounted for?
A piece of software that cannot be built bit-by-bit reproducible is
probably not a good community member in the world of software freedom.
@ -233,8 +255,8 @@ seeds that are used to start building the distribution.
The GNU GuixSD operating system has a relatively small closure of
bootstrap binaries: GNU binutils, GNU gcc, GNU Libc, GNU Guile, and
``Static binaries'' (think: bash, coreutils, diffutils, findutils,
gawk, grep, gzip, make, sed, tar)
``Static binaries'' (think: bash, bzip2, coreutils, gawk, grep, gzip,
patch, sed, tar, xz).
@example
$ du -schx $(readlink $(guix build bootstrap-tarballs)/*)
@ -267,16 +289,113 @@ $ du -schx *
There is an obvious solution: we cannot allow any binary seeds in our
software stack. Not even in the bootstrap binaries. Maybe that is a
bit too strong: we want to have the absolute minimum of binary seeds and
all binary seeds need to be inspectable and must be reviewed.
all binary seeds need to be inspectable and must be reviewed. How big
would the absolute minimal set be?
@subsection The Magical Self-Hosting Hex Assembler
June 2016 I learnt about
@url{https://github.com/oriansj/stage0/,Stage0}. Jeremiah Orians
created `hex0' a ~500 byte self-hosting hex assembler. The source code
is well documented and the binary is the exact mirror of the source
code. I was inspired: what if we could bootstrap a whole GNU
distribution from source, using only an initial 500 byte binary seed?
created @file{hex0} a ~500 byte self-hosting hex assembler. The source
code is well documented and the binary is the exact mirror of the source
code. I was inspired.
Here is an example of what the @file{hex0} program looks like; the start
of the @var{hex} function
@example
00000060: 4883 f830 7c6f 4883 f83a 7c5a 4883 f841 H..0|oH..:|ZH..A
@dots{}
000000d0: 48c7 c0ff ffff ffc3 0000 0000 0000 0000 H...............
000000e0: 4883 e830 c300 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 H..0............
@end example
All computer programs look like this: an opaque list of computer codes.
The initial programs that we take for granted---the bootstrap
binaries---are about 250MB of such numbers: think 250,000 pages full of
numbers.
Most computers work pretty well so apparently there is not a pressing
need to inspect and study all of these codes. At the same time it is
tricky to fully trust@footnote{ Ken Thompson's 1984 Turing award
acceptance speech
@url{http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ganger/712.fall02/papers/p761-thompson.pdf,
Reflections on Trusting Tust}.} a computer that was bootstrapped in this
way.
Here is what the source code of the @file{hex0} assembler looks like
@example
## function: hex
48 83 f8 30 # cmp $0x30,%rax
7c 6f # jl 6000f3 <ascii_other>
48 83 f8 3a # cmp $0x3a,%rax
7c 5a # jl 6000e4 <ascii_num>
48 83 f8 41 # cmp $0x41,%rax
@dots{}
## function: ascii_other
48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff # mov $0xffffffffffffffff,%rax
c3 # ret
@dots{}
## function: ascii_num
48 83 e8 30 # sub $0x30,%rax
c3 # ret
@end example
While it may be hard to understand what this piece of the program does,
it should be possible for anyone to verify that the computer codes above
correspond to the source code with comments.
One step beyond these annotated codes is Assembly language. To write a
program in Assembly, you only need to provide the instructions; the
codes are computed by the @file{assembler} program.
@example
hex:
# deal all ascii less than 0
cmp $48, %rax
jl ascii_other
# deal with 0-9
cmp $58, %rax
jl ascii_num
@dots{}
ascii_other:
mov $-1, %rax
ret
ascii_num:
sub $48, %rax
ret
@end example
More readable still, a similar program text in the C programming language.
@example
int
hex (int c)
@{
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
return c - 48;
@dots{}
@}
@end example
What if we could bootstrap our entire system from only this one
@file{hex0} assembler binary seed? We would only ever need to inspect
these 500 bytes of computer codes. Every@footnote{Some program
languages have become very hard or practically impossible to bootstrap.
Instead of depending on a simple language such as C, they depend on a
recent version of itself, or on other binary or ASCII seeds, on other
recent programs written in that language, or even on manual
intervention. Programs written in a language that cannot be
bootstrapped can still run on our systems, but cannot enjoy any of the
trust we intend to create.} later program is written in a more friendly
programming language: Assembly, C, @dots{} Scheme.
Inspecting all these programs is a lot of work, but it can certainly be
done. We might be able to create a fully inspectable path from almost
nothing to all of the programs that our computer runs. Something that
seemed to be an impossible dream is suddenly starting to look like
``just a couple years of work''.
@subsection LISP as Maxwell's Equations of Software
@ -298,8 +417,8 @@ over.
Our starting point is @file{hex0}, a 500 byte hex assembler and we need
to somehow close the gap to building the bootstrap binaries, esp. GNU
Gcc and GNU Libc. What better way to do that than by leveraging the
powers of LISP?
Gcc and the GNU C Library. What better way to do that than by
leveraging the powers of LISP?
GNU Mes is a Scheme@footnote{Scheme is a modern LISP} interpreter that
will be indirectly bootstrapped from @file{hex0} and that wields the
@ -337,9 +456,7 @@ GNU Mes depends on the following packages:
@item @url{http://gnu.org/software/guile/, GNU Guile}, version 2.0.13 or
later, including 2.2.x;
@item @url{http://www.gnu.org/software/make/, GNU Make}.
@item @url{https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/nyacc/, NYACC}, currently only the patched
version 0.80.42 from @url{http://gitlab.com/janneke/nyacc/, patched
NYACC} is known to work.
@item @url{https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/nyacc/, NYACC}, 0.86.0 is known to work.
@item @url{http://gcc.gnu.org, GCC's gcc}, version 2.95.3 or later.
@end itemize
@ -409,8 +526,8 @@ MES_BOOT=scaffold/boot/00-zero.scm src/mes
Run a single Mes Scheme test
@example
tests/boot.test
tests/boot.test-guile
./pre-inst-env tests/boot.test
MES=guile ./pre-inst-env tests/boot.test
@end example
Run MesCC tests only
@ -474,9 +591,9 @@ responsibility.
@section The Mes Bootstrap Process
The Mes full source bootstrap process@footnote{TBH, the current state of
affairs demands to label this a `reduced binary seed bootstrap'} is
affairs demands to label this a `Reduced Binary Seed bootstrap'} is
currently being developed in GuixSD@footnote{See
@file{gnu/packages/mes.scm} in the @var{wip-bootstrap} branch in Guix
@file{gnu/packages/commencement.scm} in the @var{core-updates-next} branch in Guix
git
@url{http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/tree/gnu/packages/mes.scm?h=wip-bootstrap}}.
In it's intiial form it is only available for x86-linux.
@ -505,7 +622,7 @@ glibc-source + binutils + gcc + glibc0 => glibc
@c This graph is generated from wip-bootstrap, doing:
@c ~/src/guix-bootstrap/pre-inst-env guix graph --type=bag -e '(begin (use-modules (guix packages)) (%current-system "i686-linux") (@@ (gnu packages commencement) gcc-mesboot))' doc/images/gcc-mesboot-graph.dot
@c ~/src/guix-boot/pre-inst-env guix graph --type=bag -e '(@@ (gnu packages commencement) gcc-mesboot)' doc/images/gcc-mesboot-graph.dot
@c dot -T png doc/images/gcc-mesboot-graph.dot > doc/images/gcc-mesboot-graph.png
Here's a generated dependency diagram to for the final bootstrap gcc
@ -519,8 +636,8 @@ injected by our own doing as temporary shortcut
mescc-tools-seed, mes-seed, tinycc-seed
@end example
These additional non-bootstrapped dependencies (i.e., binary seeds) are
taken for granted
For now, these additional non-bootstrapped dependencies (i.e., binary
seeds) are taken for granted
@example
BOOTSTRAP-GUILE, bash, bzip2, coreutils, gawk, grep, gzip, patch, sed,
@ -889,24 +1006,25 @@ without any effort.
However, please don't let our preference stop you from reporting a bug.
There's one thing @emph{much} worse for us than getting a bug report
without a patch: Reading a complaint or rant online about your pain and
how our work sucks, without having heard directly what you experienced.
without a patch: Reading a complaint or rant online about your
frustrations and how our work sucks, without having heard directly what
you experienced.
So if you report a problem, will it be fixed? And @strong{when}? The
most honest answer is: It depends. Let's curry that informationless
honesty with a more helpful and more blunt reminder of a mantra of Free
Software:
honesty with a more helpful and more blunt reminder of a mantra of free
software:
@quotation
@table @strong
@item Q:
When@dots{}?
When will it be finished?
@item A:
@dots{}sooner if you help.
It will be ready sooner if you help.
@end table
@author Eric Raymond
@author Richard Stallman
@end quotation
@cindex contact, irc, mailing list
@ -922,7 +1040,7 @@ Please send bug reports with full details to @email{bug-mes@@gnu.org}.
We would like to thank the following people for their help: Jeremiah
Orians, pdewacht, rain1, Ricardo Wurmus, Rutger van Beusekom.
w
We also thank Ludovic Courtès for creating GuixSD and making the
bootstrap problem so painfully visible, John McCarthy for creating
LISP-1.5 and Alan Kay for their inspiring comment on