* Instruction Listing ** 00 xx xx xx :: NOP | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 00 00 00 00 | Proper NOP | | | 00 xx xx xx | NOP equivelent. | Although these instructions will all be treated as NOPs. DO NOT USE THEM. | ** 4OP Groups 4OP nn is the XOP, a = b OP c Cond d *** 01 nn ab cd :: 4OP Integer group **** Add subgroup | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------------+---------------------------------------------| | 01 00 ab cd | ADD.CI a b c d | a = b + c + CARRY? d [signed] | | 01 01 ab cd | ADD.CO a b c d | a = b + c; d = CARRY? [signed] | | 01 02 ab cd | ADD.CIO a b c d | a = b + c + CARRY? d; d = CARRY? [signed] | | 01 03 ab cd | ADDU.CI a b c d | a = b + c + CARRY? d [unsigned] | | 01 04 ab cd | ADDU.CO a b c d | a = b + c; d = CARRY? [unsigned] | | 01 05 ab cd | ADDU.CIO a b c d | a = b + c + CARRY? d; d = CARRY? [unsigned] | **** Subtract subgroup | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------| | 01 06 ab cd | SUB.BI a b c d | a = b - c - BORROW? d [signed] | | 01 07 ab cd | SUB.BO a b c d | a = b - c; d = BORROW? [signed] | | 01 08 ab cd | SUB.BIO a b c d | a = b - c - BORROW? d; d = BORROW? [signed] | | 01 09 ab cd | SUBU.BI a b c d | a = b - c - BORROW? d [unsigned] | | 01 0A ab cd | SUBU.BO a b c d | a = b - c; d = BORROW? [unsigned] | | 01 0B ab cd | SUBU.BIO a b c d | a = b - c - BORROW? d; d = BORROW? [unsigned] | **** long math subgroup | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-------------------+--------------------------------------| | 01 0C ab cd | MULTIPLY a b c d | a = MUL c d; b = MULH c d [signed] | | 01 0D ab cd | MULTIPLYU a b c d | a = MUL c d; b = MULH c d [unsigned] | | 01 0E ab cd | DIVIDE a b c d | a = DIV c d; b = MOD c d [signed] | | 01 0F ab cd | DIVIDEU a b c d | a = DIV c d; b = MOD c d [unsigned] | **** Logic subgroup | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+---------------+-----------------------------------------| | 01 10 ab cd | MUX a b c d | a = (c & ~b) \vert (d & b) | | 01 11 ab cd | NMUX a b c d | a = (c & b) \vert (d & ~b) | | 01 12 ab cd | SORT a b c d | a = MAX(c, d); b = MIN(c, d) [signed] | | 01 13 ab cd | SORTU a b c d | a = MAX(c, d); b = MIN(c, d) [unsigned] | **** Reserved Block | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 01 14 xx xx | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 01 FF xx xx | Reserved | *** 02 nn ab cd :: 4OP Floating group *** 03 nn ab cd :: 4OP SIMD group *** 04 nn ab cd :: 4OP Reserved group ** 3OP Groups 3OP nn n is the XOP, a = b OP c *** 05 nn na bc :: 3OP Integer group **** Turing group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------+------------------------| | 05 00 0a bc | ADD a b c | a = b + c [signed] | | 05 00 1a bc | ADDU a b c | a = b + c [unsigned] | | 05 00 2a bc | SUB a b c | a = b - c [signed] | | 05 00 3a bc | SUBU a b c | a = b - c [unsigned] | | 05 00 4a bc | CMP a b c | a = b CMP c [signed] | | 05 00 5a bc | CMPU a b c | a = b CMP c [unsigned] | **** Convience group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-------------+----------------------------------------| | 05 00 6a bc | MUL a b c | a = b * c [signed] bottom n bits | | 05 00 7a bc | MULH a b c | a = (b * c) >> n [signed] top n bits | | 05 00 8a bc | MULU a b c | a = b * c [unsigned] bottom n bits | | 05 00 9a bc | MULUH a b c | a = (b * c) >> n [unsigned] top n bits | | 05 00 Aa bc | DIV a b c | a = b / c [signed] | | 05 00 Ba bc | MOD a b c | a = b % c [signed] | | 05 00 Ca bc | DIVU a b c | a = b / c [unsigned] | | 05 00 Da bc | MODU a b c | a = b % c [unsigned] | **** Reserved group 0 | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 05 00 Ex xx | Reserved | | 05 00 Fx xx | Reserved | **** Sort group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------+--------------------------| | 05 01 0a bc | MAX a b c | a = MAX(b, c) [signed] | | 05 01 1a bc | MAXU a b c | a = MAX(b, c) [unsigned] | | 05 01 2a bc | MIN a b c | a = MIN(b, c) [signed] | | 05 01 3a bc | MINU a b c | a = MIN(b, c) [unsigned] | **** Binary packing group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------------+--------------------------------------| | 05 01 4a bc | PACK a b c | a = PACK(b, c) [[./img/pack.gif]] | | 05 01 5a bc | UNPACK a b c | a = UNPACK(b, c) [[./img/unpack.gif]] | | 05 01 6a bc | PACK8.CO a b c | a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [signed] | | 05 01 7a bc | PACK8U.CO a b c | a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [unsigned] | | 05 01 8a bc | PACK16.CO a b c | a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [signed] | | 05 01 9a bc | PACK16U.CO a b c | a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [unsigned] | | 05 01 Aa bc | PACK32.CO a b c | a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [signed] | | 05 01 Ba bc | PACK32U.CO a b c | a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [unsigned] | | 05 01 Ca bc | Reserved | | | 05 01 Da bc | Reserved | | | 05 01 Ex xx | Reserved | | | 05 01 Fx xx | Reserved | | **** Logical group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------+---------------------------------------| | 05 02 0a bc | AND a b c | a = b & c | | 05 02 1a bc | OR a b c | a = b \vert c | | 05 02 2a bc | XOR a b c | a = b XOR c | | 05 02 3a bc | NAND a b c | a != b & c | | 05 02 4a bc | NOR a b c | a != b \vert c | | 05 02 5a bc | XNOR a b c | a != b XOR c | | 05 02 6a bc | MPQ a b c | a = b MPQ c [Converse Nonimplication] | | 05 02 7a bc | LPQ a b c | a = b LPQ c [Material Nonimplication] | | 05 02 8a bc | CPQ a b c | a = b CPQ c [Material Implication] | | 05 02 9a bc | BPQ a b c | a = b BPQ c [Converse Implication] | **** Reserved group 1 | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 05 02 Ax xx | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 05 02 Fx xx | Reserved | **** Bit rotation group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-----------+---------------------------------------| | 05 03 0a bc | SAL a b c | a = b << c [arithmetically] | | 05 03 1a bc | SAR a b c | a = b >> c [arithmetically] | | 05 03 2a bc | SL0 a b c | a = b << c [Fill with zeros] | | 05 03 3a bc | SR0 a b c | a = b >> c [Fill with zeros] | | 05 03 4a bc | SL1 a b c | a = b << c [Fill with ones] | | 05 03 5a bc | SR1 a b c | a = b >> c [Fill with ones] | | 05 03 6a bc | ROL a b c | a = ROL(b, c) [Circular rotate left] | | 05 03 7a bc | ROR a b c | a = ROR(b, c) [Circular rotate right] | **** Load group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+----------------+--------------------------------| | 05 03 8a bc | LOADX a b c | a = MEM[b+c] | | 05 03 9a bc | LOADX8 a b c | a = MEM[b+c] [signed 8bits] | | 05 03 Aa bc | LOADXU8 a b c | a = MEM[b+c] [unsigned 8bits] | | 05 03 Ba bc | LOADX16 a b c | a = MEM[b+c] [signed 16bits] | | 05 03 Ca bc | LOADXU16 a b c | a = MEM[b+c] [unsigned 16bits] | | 05 03 Da bc | LOADX32 a b c | a = MEM[b+c] [signed 32bits] | | 05 03 Ea bc | LOADXU32 a b c | a = MEM[b+c] [unsigned 32bits] | | 05 03 Fx xx | Reserved | | | 05 04 0x xx | Reserved | | | 05 04 1x xx | Reserved | | | 05 04 2x xx | Reserved | | | 05 04 3x xx | Reserved | | | 05 04 4x xx | Reserved | | | 05 04 5x xx | Reserved | | | 05 04 6x xx | Reserved | | | 05 04 7x xx | Reserved | | **** Store group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+----------------+-----------------------| | 05 04 8a bc | STOREX a b c | MEM[b+c] = a | | 05 04 9a bc | STOREX8 a b c | MEM[b+c] = a [8bits] | | 05 04 Aa bc | STOREX16 a b c | MEM[b+c] = a [16bits] | | 05 04 Ba bc | STOREX32 a b c | MEM[b+c] = a [32bits] | | 05 04 Cx xx | Reserved | | | 05 04 Dx xx | Reserved | | | 05 04 Ex xx | Reserved | | | 05 04 Fx xx | Reserved | | **** CMPJUMP group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-------------------+-----------------| | 05 05 0a bc | CMPJUMP.G a b c | a > b ? PC = c | | 05 05 1a bc | CMPJUMP.GE a b c | a >= b ? PC = c | | 05 05 2a bc | CMPJUMP.E a b c | a == b ? PC = c | | 05 05 3a bc | CMPJUMP.NE a b c | a != b ? PC = c | | 05 05 4a bc | CMPJUMP.LE a b c | a <= b ? PC = c | | 05 05 5a bc | CMPJUMP.L a b c | a < b ? PC = c | | 05 05 6x xx | Reserved | | | ... | Reserved | | | 05 05 Fx xx | Reserved | | | 05 06 0a bc | CMPJUMPU.G a b c | a > b ? PC = c | | 05 06 1a bc | CMPJUMPU.GE a b c | a >= b ? PC = c | | 05 06 2a bc | Reserved | | | 05 06 3a bc | Reserved | | | 05 06 4a bc | CMPJUMPU.LE a b c | a <= b ? PC = c | | 05 06 5a bc | CMPJUMPU.L a b c | a < b ? PC = c | | 05 06 6x xx | Reserved | | | ... | Reserved | | | 05 06 Fx xx | Reserved | | **** Reserved group 2 | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 05 07 0x xx | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 05 FF Fx xx | Reserved | *** 06 nn na bc :: 3OP Floating group *** 07 nn na bc :: 3OP SIMD group *** 08 nn na bc :: 3OP Reserved group ** 2OP Groups 2OP nn nn is the XOP, a = OP b *** 09 nn nn ab :: 2OP Integer group **** Numeric group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+----------+----------------------| | 09 00 00 ab | NEG a b | a = (b > 0) ? -b : b | | 09 00 01 ab | ABS a b | a = \vert b \vert | | 09 00 02 ab | NABS a b | a = - \vert b \vert | **** Movement group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+----------+--------------| | 09 00 03 ab | SWAP a b | a <=> b | | 09 00 04 ab | COPY a b | a = b | | 09 00 05 ab | MOVE a b | a = b; b = 0 | | 09 00 06 ab | NOT a b | a = !b | **** Reserved Block 0 | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 09 00 07 xx | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 09 00 FF xx | Reserved | **** Function call group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------| | 09 01 00 ab | BRANCH a b | MEM[b] = PC; PC = a | | 09 01 01 ab | CALL a b | MEM[b] = PC; b = b + (register size in bytes); PC = a | **** Stack group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------| | 09 02 00 ab | PUSHR a b | MEM[b] = a; b = b + (register size in bytes) | | 09 02 01 ab | PUSH8 a b | MEM[b] = bottom_8_bits(a); b = b + 1 | | 09 02 02 ab | PUSH16 a b | MEM[b] = bottome_16_bits(a); b = b + 2 | | 09 02 03 ab | PUSH32 a b | MEM[b] = bottome_32_bits(a); b = b + 4 | | 09 02 04 xx | Reserved | | | ... | Reserved | | | 09 02 7F xx | Reserved | | | 09 02 80 ab | POPR a b | a = MEM[b]; MEM[b] = 0; b = b - (register size in bytes) | | 09 02 81 ab | POP8 a b | a = MEM[b] (signed); MEM[b] = 0; b = b - 1 | | 09 02 82 ab | POPU8 a b | a = MEM[b] (unsigned); MEM[b] = 0; b = b - 1 | | 09 02 83 ab | POP16 a b | a = MEM[b] (signed); MEM[b] = 0; b = b - 2 | | 09 02 84 ab | POPU16 a b | a = MEM[b] (unsigned); MEM[b] = 0; b = b - 2 | | 09 02 85 ab | POP32 a b | a = MEM[b] (signed); MEM[b] = 0; b = b - 4 | | 09 02 86 ab | POPU32 a b | a = MEM[b] (signed); MEM[b] = 0; b = b - 4 | | ... | Reserved | | | 09 02 FF xx | Reserved | | **** CMPSKIP group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-----------------+--------------------------------| | 09 03 00 ab | CMPSKIP.G a b | a > b ? Skip Next instruction | | 09 03 01 ab | CMPSKIP.GE a b | a >= b ? Skip Next instruction | | 09 03 02 ab | CMPSKIP.E a b | a == b ? Skip Next instruction | | 09 03 03 ab | CMPSKIP.NE a b | a != b ? Skip Next instruction | | 09 03 04 ab | CMPSKIP.LE a b | a <= b ? Skip Next instruction | | 09 03 05 ab | CMPSKIP.L a b | a < b ? Skip Next instruction | | 09 03 06 xx | Reserved | | | ... | Reserved | | | 09 03 7F ab | Reserved | | | 09 03 80 ab | CMPSKIPU.G a b | a > b ? Skip Next instruction | | 09 03 81 ab | CMPSKIPU.GE a b | a >= b ? Skip Next instruction | | 09 03 82 ab | Reserved | | | 09 03 83 ab | Reserved | | | 09 03 84 ab | CMPSKIPU.LE a b | a <= b ? Skip Next instruction | | 09 03 85 ab | CMPSKIPU.L a b | a < b ? Skip Next instruction | | 09 03 86 xx | Reserved | | | ... | Reserved | | | 09 03 FF ab | Reserved | | **** Reserved Block 1 | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 09 02 87 xx | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 09 FF FF xx | Reserved | *** 0A nn nn ab :: 2OP Floating group *** 0B nn nn ab :: 2OP SIMD group *** 0C nn nn ab :: 2OP Reserved group ** 1OP Groups 1OP nn nn n is the XOP, a = OP a *** 0D nn nn na :: 1OP group **** State group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------+---------------| | 0D 00 00 0a | READPC a | a = PC | | 0D 00 00 1a | READSCID a | a = SCID | | 0D 00 00 2a | FALSE a | a = 0 | | 0D 00 00 3a | TRUE a | a = FF ... FF | **** Reserved block 0 | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 0D 00 00 4x | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 0D 00 FF Fx | Reserved | **** Function return group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------| | 0D 01 00 0a | JSR_COROUTINE a | PC = a | | 0D 01 00 1a | RET a | PC = MEM[a]; a = a - (register size in bytes) | **** Reserved block 1 | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 0D 01 00 2x | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 0D 01 FF Fx | Reserved | **** Stack state group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------| | 0D 02 00 0a | PUSHPC a | MEM[a] = PC; a = a + (register size in bytes) | | 0D 02 00 1a | POPPC a | PC = MEM[a]; a = a - (register size in bytes) | **** Reserved | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 0D 02 00 2x | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 0D FF FF Fx | Reserved | ** 2OPI Groups 2OPI ii ii is the Immediate, a = b OP ii ii *** 2OPI Integer | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-----------------+--------------------------| | 0E ab ii ii | ADDI a b ii ii | a = b + ii ii [signed] | | 0F ab ii ii | ADDUI a b ii ii | a = b + ii ii [unsigned] | | 10 ab ii ii | SUBI a b ii ii | a = b - ii ii [signed] | | 11 ab ii ii | SUBUI a b ii ii | a = b - ii ii [unsigned] | *** 2OPI Integer signed compare | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+----------------+--------------------------| | 12 ab ii ii | CMPI a b ii ii | a = b CMP ii ii [signed] | *** 2OPI Integer Load | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-------------------+--------------------------------------| | 13 ab ii ii | LOAD a b ii ii | a = MEM[b + ii ii] | | 14 ab ii ii | LOAD8 a b ii ii | a = MEM[b + ii ii] [signed 8bits] | | 15 ab ii ii | LOADU8 a b ii ii | a = MEM[b + ii ii] [unsigned 8bits] | | 16 ab ii ii | LOAD16 a b ii ii | a = MEM[b + ii ii] [signed 16bits] | | 17 ab ii ii | LOADU16 a b ii ii | a = MEM[b + ii ii] [unsigned 16bits] | | 18 ab ii ii | LOAD32 a b ii ii | a = MEM[b + ii ii] [signed 32bits] | | 19 ab ii ii | LOADU32 a b ii ii | a = MEM[b + ii ii] [unsigned 32bits] | | 1A ab ii ii | Reserved | | | 1B ab ii ii | Reserved | | | 1C ab ii ii | Reserved | | | 1D ab ii ii | Reserved | | | 1E ab ii ii | Reserved | | *** 2OPI Integer unsigned compare | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-----------------+----------------------------| | 1F ab ii ii | CMPUI a b ii ii | a = b CMP ii ii [unsigned] | *** 2OPI Integer store | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+----------------+------------------------------------| | 20 ab ii ii | STORE a b ii | MEM[b + ii ii] = a | | 21 ab ii ii | STORE8 a b ii | MEM[b + ii ii] = a [signed 8bits] | | 22 ab ii ii | STORE16 a b ii | MEM[b + ii ii] = a [signed 16bits] | | 23 ab ii ii | STORE32 a b ii | MEM[b + ii ii] = a [signed 32bits] | | 24 ab ii ii | Reserved | | | 25 ab ii ii | Reserved | | | 26 ab ii ii | Reserved | | | 27 ab ii ii | Reserved | | | 28 ab ii ii | Reserved | | | 29 ab ii ii | Reserved | | | 2A ab ii ii | Reserved | | | 2B ab ii ii | Reserved | | ** 1OPI Groups 1OPI i ii ii is the Immediate, a = a OP i ii ii *** Conditional Integer Jumps | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | 2C 0a ii ii | JUMP.C a ii ii | Carry? a; PC = PC + i ii ii | | 2C 1a ii ii | JUMP.B a ii ii | Borrow? a; PC = PC + i ii ii | | 2C 2a ii ii | JUMP.O a ii ii | Overflow? a; PC = PC + i ii ii | | 2C 3a ii ii | JUMP.G a ii ii | GT? a; PC = PC + i ii ii | | 2C 4a ii ii | JUMP.GE a ii ii | GT? a \vert EQ? a; PC = PC + i ii ii | | 2C 5a ii ii | JUMP.E a ii ii | EQ? a; PC = PC + i ii ii | | 2C 6a ii ii | JUMP.NE a ii ii | NEQ? a; PC = PC + i ii ii | | 2C 7a ii ii | JUMP.LE a ii ii | LT? a \vert EQ? a; PC = PC + i ii ii | | 2C 8a ii ii | JUMP.L a ii ii | LT? a; PC = PC + i ii ii | | 2C 9a ii ii | JUMP.Z a ii ii | ZERO? a; PC = PC + i ii ii | | 2C Aa ii ii | JUMP.NZ a ii ii | NZERO? a; PC = PC + i ii ii | | 2C Ba ii ii | JUMP.P | POSITIVE? a; PC = PC + ii ii | | 2C Ca ii ii | JUMP.NP | NEGATIVE? a; PC = PC + ii ii | | 2C Dx xx xx | Reserved | | | 2C Ex xx xx | Reserved | | | 2C Fx xx xx | Reserved | | *** Branch Immediates | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------| | 2D 0a ii ii | CALLI a ii ii | MEM[a] = PC; a = a + (register size in bytes); PC = PC + ii ii | | 2D 1a ii ii | LOADI a ii ii | a = ii ii (signed) | | 2D 2a ii ii | LOADUI a ii ii | a = ii ii (unsigned) | | 2D 3a ii ii | SALI a ii ii | a = a << ii ii [arithmetically] | | 2D 4a ii ii | SARI a ii ii | a = a >> ii ii [arithmetically] | | 2D 5a ii ii | SL0I a ii ii | a = a << ii ii [Fill with zeros] | | 2D 6a ii ii | SR0I a ii ii | a = a >> ii ii [Fill with zeros] | | 2D 7a ii ii | SL1I a ii ii | a = a << ii ii [Fill with ones] | | 2D 8a ii ii | SR1I a ii ii | a = a >> ii ii [Fill with ones] | *** Relative Loads | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------------+----------------------------------------| | 2E 0a ii ii | LOADR a ii ii | a = MEM[ip + ii ii] | | 2E 1a ii ii | LOADR8 a ii ii | a = MEM[ip + ii ii] [signed 8 bits] | | 2E 2a ii ii | LOADRU8 a ii ii | a = MEM[ip + ii ii] [unsigned 8 bits] | | 2E 3a ii ii | LOADR16 a ii ii | a = MEM[ip + ii ii] [signed 16 bits] | | 2E 4a ii ii | LOADRU16 a ii ii | a = MEM[ip + ii ii] [unsigned 16 bits] | | 2E 5a ii ii | LOADR32 a ii ii | a = MEM[ip + ii ii] [signed 32 bits] | | 2E 6a ii ii | LOADRU32 a ii ii | a = MEM[ip + ii ii] [unsigned 32 bits] | | 2E 7a ii ii | Reserved | | | 2E 8a ii ii | Reserved | | | 2E 9a ii ii | Reserved | | | 2E Aa ii ii | Reserved | | | 2E Ba ii ii | Reserved | | | 2E Ca ii ii | Reserved | | | 2E Da ii ii | Reserved | | | 2E Ea ii ii | Reserved | | | 2E Fa ii ii | Reserved | | *** Relative Stores | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------------+--------------------------------------| | 2F 0a ii ii | STORER a ii ii | MEM[ip + ii ii] = a | | 2F 1a ii ii | STORER8 a ii ii | MEM[ip + ii ii] = a [signed 8 bits] | | 2F 2a ii ii | STORER16 a ii ii | MEM[ip + ii ii] = a [signed 16 bits] | | 2F 3a ii ii | STORER32 a ii ii | MEM[ip + ii ii] = a [signed 32 bits] | | 2F 4a ii ii | Reserved | | | 2F 5a ii ii | Reserved | | | 2F 6a ii ii | Reserved | | | 2F 7a ii ii | Reserved | | | 2F 8a ii ii | Reserved | | | 2F 9a ii ii | Reserved | | | 2F Aa ii ii | Reserved | | | 2F Ba ii ii | Reserved | | | 2F Ca ii ii | Reserved | | | 2F Da ii ii | Reserved | | | 2F Ea ii ii | Reserved | | | 2F Fa ii ii | Reserved | | ** 0OPI group 0OPI ii ii is the Immediate, OP ii ii *** Unconditional jumps | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------+-----------------| | 3C 00 ii ii | JUMP ii ii | PC = PC + ii ii | ** Reserved Block 0 At this time these instructions only produce a warning; but could do anything. DO NOT USE. | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 3D 00 00 00 | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 41 FF FF FF | Reserve | ** HALCODE Group 42 hh hh hh is the HALCODE callID, invalid HALCODE SHOULD NOT BE USED. *** HALCODE Reserved for Operating Systems The following block contains both instructions that are reserved for Operating systems and for internal use by Operating systems | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 42 00 xx xx | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 42 0F xx xx | Reserved | *** Tape console HALCODE This HALCODE is used for interacting with any tape console attached to the system. **** Reference specific notes In this reference implementation we will be interacting with a simplified version of the series 10 console. All compatible implementations need to ensure to implement functional equivelents. Provided of course that any deviations would not change any output specified to be written to tape. Padding with Zeros til start/end of page/segment however is acceptable. **** Standard compatibility requirements The following 3 devices must exist with the following exact IDs | Interface Name | ID | |----------------+-------------| | Keyboard/tty | 00 00 00 00 | | Tape 1 | 00 00 11 00 | | Tape 2 | 00 00 11 01 | **** Required Device HALCODE | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 42 10 00 00 | FOPEN_READ | Feed on device who's ID matches the contents of register 0 until first non-zero byte is found. | | 42 10 00 01 | FOPEN_WRITE | Feed on device who's ID matches the contents of register 0 until first zero byte is found | | 42 10 00 02 | FCLOSE | Close out writes to device who's ID matches the contents of register 0. | | 42 10 00 03 | REWIND | rewind back to first non-zero byte found on tape. | | 42 10 00 04 | FSEEK | seek forward or backward the number of bytes specified in register 1 on | | | | the device who's ID matches the contents of register 0. | **** Reserved Block for Hardware specific implementation details | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 42 10 00 04 | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 42 10 00 FF | Reserved | **** Required Device capability HALCODE ***** Device Read HALCODE | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------| | 42 10 01 00 | FGETC | read 1 byte into register 0 from device who's ID is in register 1 | ***** Reserved Block for Hardware specific implementation details | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 42 10 01 01 | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 42 10 01 FF | Reserved | ***** Device Write HALCODE | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------| | 42 10 02 00 | FPUTC | write 1 byte from register 0 to device who's ID is in register 1 | ***** Reserved Block for Hardware specific implementation details | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 42 10 02 01 | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 42 10 02 FF | Reserved | **** Reserved Block for Future HALCODE Expansion | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 42 10 03 00 | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 42 FF FF FF | Reserved | ** Reserved Block 1 At this time these instructions only produce a warning; but could do anything. DO NOT USE. | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | 43 00 00 00 | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | 9F FF FF FF | Reserved | ** CMPSKIPI Group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+----------------------+------------------------------------| | A0 0a ii ii | CMPSKIPI.G a ii ii | a > ii ii ? Skip Next instruction | | A0 1a ii ii | CMPSKIPI.GE a ii ii | a >= ii ii ? Skip Next instruction | | A0 2a ii ii | CMPSKIPI.E a ii ii | a == ii ii ? Skip Next instruction | | A0 3a ii ii | CMPSKIPI.NE a ii ii | a != ii ii ? Skip Next instruction | | A0 4a ii ii | CMPSKIPI.LE a ii ii | a <= ii ii ? Skip Next instruction | | A0 5a ii ii | CMPSKIPI.L a ii ii | a < ii ii ? Skip Next instruction | | A0 6a ii ii | Reserved | | | ... | Reserved | | | A0 Fa ii ii | Reserved | | | A1 0a ii ii | CMPSKIPUI.G a ii ii | a > ii ii ? Skip Next instruction | | A1 1a ii ii | CMPSKIPUI.GE a ii ii | a >= ii ii ? Skip Next instruction | | A1 2a ii ii | Reserved | | | A1 3a ii ii | Reserved | | | A1 4a ii ii | CMPSKIPUI.LE a ii ii | a <= ii ii ? Skip Next instruction | | A1 5a ii ii | CMPSKIPUI.L a ii ii | a < ii ii ? Skip Next instruction | | A1 6a ii ii | Reserved | | | ... | Reserved | | | A1 Fa ii ii | Reserved | | ** Reserved Block 2 At this time these instructions only produce a warning; but could do anything. DO NOT USE. | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | A2 00 00 00 | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | AF FF FF FF | Reserved | ** Bit optimization group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+-----------------+--------------------| | B0 ab ii ii | ANDI a b ii ii | a = b & ii ii | | B1 ab ii ii | ORI a b ii ii | a = b \vert ii ii | | B2 ab ii ii | XORI a b ii ii | a = b XOR ii ii | | B3 ab ii ii | NANDI a b ii ii | a != b && ii ii | | B4 ab ii ii | NORI a b ii ii | a != b \vert ii ii | | B5 ab ii ii | XNORI a b ii ii | a != b XOR ii ii | | B6 00 00 00 | Reserved | | | ... | Reserved | | | BF FF FF FF | Reserved | | ** CMPJUMPI Group | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------------------+-------------------------------------| | C0 ab ii ii | CMPJUMPI.G a b ii ii | a > b ? PC = PC + ii ii | | C1 ab ii ii | CMPJUMPI.GE a b ii ii | a >= b ? PC = PC + ii ii | | C2 ab ii ii | CMPJUMPI.E a b ii ii | a == b ? PC = PC + ii ii | | C3 ab ii ii | CMPJUMPI.NE a b ii ii | a != b ? PC = PC + ii ii | | C4 ab ii ii | CMPJUMPI.LE a b ii ii | a <= b ? PC = PC + ii ii | | C5 ab ii ii | CMPJUMPI.L a b ii ii | a < b ? PC = PC + ii ii | | C6 ab ii ii | Reserved | | | ... | Reserved | | | CF ab ii ii | Reserved | | | D0 ab ii ii | CMPJUMPUI.G a b ii ii | a > b ? PC = PC + ii ii (unsigned) | | D1 ab ii ii | CMPJUMPUI.GE a b ii ii | a >= b ? PC = PC + ii ii (unsigned) | | D2 ab ii ii | Reserved | | | D3 ab ii ii | Reserved | | | D4 ab ii ii | CMPJUMPUI.LE a b ii ii | a <= b ? PC = PC + ii ii (unsigned) | | D5 ab ii ii | CMPJUMPUI.L a b ii ii | a < b ? PC = PC + ii ii (unsigned) | | D6 ab ii ii | Reserved | | | ... | Reserved | | | DF ab ii ii | Reserved | | ** Reserved Block 3 At this time these instructions only produce a warning; but could do anything. DO NOT USE. | Hex | Name | |-------------+----------| | E0 00 00 00 | Reserved | | ... | Reserved | | FE FF FF FF | Reserved | ** 0OP | Hex | Name | Comment | |-------------+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | FF xx xx xx | HALT equivelent. | Although these instructions will all be treated as HALTs. DO NOT USE THEM. | | FF FF FF FF | Proper HALT | | * Encoding/Decoding Reference ** Registers There is a direct and consistent relationship between the nybbles and the registers. | Hex | Name | |-----+-------| | 0 | REG0 | | 1 | REG1 | | 2 | REG2 | | 3 | REG3 | | 4 | REG4 | | 5 | REG5 | | 6 | REG6 | | 7 | REG7 | | 8 | REG8 | | 9 | REG9 | | A | REG10 | | B | REG11 | | C | REG12 | | D | REG13 | | E | REG14 | | F | REG15 |