11 KiB
- Instruction Listing
- 00 xx xx xx :: NOP
- 4OP Groups
- 3OP Groups
- 2OP Groups
- 1OP Groups
- 2OPI Groups
- 1OPI Groups
- 0OPI group
- Reserved Block 0
- HALCODE Group
- Reserved Block 1
- 0OP
- Encoding/Decoding Reference
Instruction Listing
00 xx xx xx :: NOP
00 00 00 00 # Proper NOP 00 xx xx xx # NOP equivelent, although these instructions will all be treated as NOPs. DO NOT USE THEM.
4OP Groups
4OP nn is the XOP, a = b OP c Cond d
01 nn ab cd :: 4OP Integer group
01 00 ab cd # ADD.CI a b c d :: a = b + c + CARRY? d [signed] 01 01 ab cd # ADD.CO a b c d :: a = b + c; d = CARRY? [signed] 01 02 ab cd # ADD.CIO a b c d :: a = b + c + CARRY? d; d = CARRY? [signed] 01 03 ab cd # ADDU.CI a b c d :: a = b + c + CARRY? d [unsigned] 01 04 ab cd # ADDU.CO a b c d :: a = b + c; d = CARRY? [unsigned] 01 05 ab cd # ADDU.CIO a b c d :: a = b + c + CARRY? d; d = CARRY? [unsigned] 01 06 ab cd # SUB.BI a b c d :: a = b - c - BORROW? d [signed] 01 07 ab cd # SUB.BO a b c d :: a = b - c; d = BORROW? [signed] 01 08 ab cd # SUB.BIO a b c d :: a = b - c - BORROW? d; d = BORROW? [signed] 01 09 ab cd # SUBU.BI a b c d :: a = b - c - BORROW? d [unsigned] 01 0A ab cd # SUBU.BO a b c d :: a = b - c; d = BORROW? [unsigned] 01 0B ab cd # SUBU.BIO a b c d :: a = b - c - BORROW? d; d = BORROW? [unsigned] 01 0C ab cd # MULTIPLY a b c d :: a = MUL c d; b = MULH c d [signed] 01 0D ab cd # MULTIPLYU a b c d :: a = MUL c d; b = MULH c d [unsigned] 01 0E ab cd # DIVIDE a b c d :: a = DIV c d; b = MOD c d [signed] 01 0F ab cd # DIVIDEU a b c d :: a = DIV c d; b = MOD c d [unsigned] 01 10 ab cd # MUX a b c d :: a = (c & ~b) | (d & b) 01 11 ab cd # NMUX a b c d :: a = (c & b) | (d & ~b) 01 12 ab cd # SORT a b c d :: a = MAX(c, d); b = MIN(c, d) [signed] 01 13 ab cd # SORTU a b c d :: a = MAX(c, d); b = MIN(c, d) [unsigned]
Reserved Block
01 14 xx xx # Reserved … 01 FF xx xx # Reserved
02 nn ab cd :: 4OP Floating group
03 nn ab cd :: 4OP SIMD group
04 nn ab cd :: 4OP Reserved group
3OP Groups
3OP nn n is the XOP, a = b OP c
05 nn na bc :: 3OP Integer group
05 00 0a bc # ADD a b c :: a = b + c [signed] 05 00 1a bc # ADDU a b c :: a = b + c [unsigned] 05 00 2a bc # SUB a b c :: a = b - c [signed] 05 00 3a bc # SUBU a b c :: a = b - c [unsigned] 05 00 4a bc # CMP a b c :: a = b CMP c [signed] 05 00 5a bc # CMPU a b c :: a = b CMP c [unsigned] 05 00 6a bc # MUL a b c :: a = b * c [signed] bottom n bits 05 00 7a bc # MULH a b c :: a = (b * c) >> n [signed] top n bits 05 00 8a bc # MULU a b c :: a = b * c [unsigned] bottom n bits 05 00 9a bc # MULUH a b c :: a = (b * c) >> n [unsigned] top n bits 05 00 Aa bc # DIV a b c :: a = b / c [signed] 05 00 Ba bc # MOD a b c :: a = b % c [signed] 05 00 Ca bc # DIVU a b c :: a = b / c [unsigned] 05 00 Da bc # MODU a b c :: a = b % c [unsigned] 05 00 Ex xx # Reserved 05 00 Fx xx # Reserved 05 01 0a bc # MAX a b c :: a = MAX(b, c) [signed] 05 01 1a bc # MAXU a b c :: a = MAX(b, c) [unsigned] 05 01 2a bc # MIN a b c :: a = MIN(b, c) [signed] 05 01 3a bc # MINU a b c :: a = MIN(b, c) [unsigned] 05 01 4a bc # PACK a b c :: a = PACK(b, c) 05 01 5a bc # UNPACK a b c :: a = UNPACK(b, c) 05 01 6a bc # PACK8.CO a b c :: a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [signed] 05 01 7a bc # PACK8U.CO a b c :: a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [unsigned] 05 01 8a bc # PACK16.CO a b c :: a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [signed] 05 01 9a bc # PACK16U.CO a b c :: a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [unsigned] 05 01 Aa bc # PACK32.CO a b c :: a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [signed] 05 01 Ba bc # PACK32U.CO a b c :: a = PACK(b) c = Overload? [unsigned] 05 01 Ca bc # Reserved 05 01 Da bc # Reserved 05 01 Ex xx # Reserved 05 01 Fx xx # Reserved 05 02 0a bc # AND a b c :: a = b & c 05 02 1a bc # OR a b c :: a = b | c 05 02 2a bc # XOR a b c :: a = b XOR c 05 02 3a bc # NAND a b c :: a != b & c 05 02 4a bc # NOR a b c :: a != b | c 05 02 5a bc # XNOR a b c :: a != b XOR c 05 02 6a bc # MPQ a b c :: a = b MPQ c [Converse Nonimplication] 05 02 7a bc # LPQ a b c :: a = b LPQ c [Material Nonimplication] 05 02 8a bc # CPQ a b c :: a = b CPQ c [Material Implication] 05 02 8a bc # BPQ a b c :: a = b BPQ c [Converse Implication] 05 02 9x xx # Reserved … 05 02 Fx xx # Reserved 05 03 0a bc # SAL a b c :: a = b >> c [arithmetically] 05 03 1a bc # SAR a b c :: a = b << c [arithmetically] 05 03 2a bc # SL0 a b c :: a = b >> c [Fill with zeros] 05 03 3a bc # SR0 a b c :: a = b << c [Fill with zeros] 05 03 4a bc # SL1 a b c :: a = b >> c [Fill with ones] 05 03 5a bc # SR1 a b c :: a = b << c [Fill with ones] 05 03 6a bc # ROL a b c :: a = ROL(b, c) [Circular rotate left] 05 03 7a bc # ROR a b c :: a = ROR(b, c) [Circular rotate right]
Reserved
05 03 8x xx # Reserved … 05 FF Fx xx # Reserved
06 nn na bc :: 3OP Floating group
07 nn na bc :: 3OP SIMD group
08 nn na bc :: 3OP Reserved group
2OP Groups
2OP nn nn is the XOP, a = OP b
09 nn nn ab :: 2OP Integer group
09 00 00 ab # NEG a b :: a = (b > 0) ? -b : b 09 00 01 ab # ABS a b :: a = |b| 09 00 02 ab # NABS a b :: a = -|b| 09 00 03 ab # SWAP a b :: a <=> b 09 00 04 ab # COPY a b :: a = b 09 00 05 ab # MOVE a b :: a = b; b = 0 09 00 06 xx # Reserved … 09 00 FF xx # Reserved 09 01 00 ab # BRANCH a b :: MEM[b] = PC; PC = a 09 01 01 ab # CALL a b :: MEM[b] = PC; b = b + (register size in bytes); PC = a
Reserved
09 01 02 xx # Reserved … 09 FF FF xx # Reserved
0A nn nn ab :: 2OP Floating group
0B nn nn ab :: 2OP SIMD group
0C nn nn ab :: 2OP Reserved group
1OP Groups
1OP nn nn n is the XOP, a = OP a
0D nn nn na :: 1OP group
0D 00 00 0a # READPC a :: a = PC 0D 00 00 1a # READSCID a :: a = SCID 0D 00 00 2a # FALSE a :: a = 0 0D 00 00 3a # TRUE a :: a = FF … FF 0D 00 00 4x # Reserved … 0D 00 FF Fx # Reserved 0D 01 00 0a # JSR_COROUTINE a; PC = a 0D 01 00 1a # RET a :: PC = MEM[a]; a = a - (register size in bytes) 0D 01 00 2x # Reserved … 0D 01 FF Fx # Reserved 0D 02 00 0a # PUSHPC a :: MEM[a] = PC; a = a + (register size in bytes) 0D 02 00 1a # POPPC a :: PC = MEM[a]; a = a - (register size in bytes)
Reserved
0D 02 00 2x # Reserved … 0D FF FF Fx # Reserved
2OPI Groups
2OPI ii ii is the Immediate, a = b OP ii ii
2OPI Integer
0E ab ii ii # ADDI a b ii ii :: a = b + ii ii [signed] 0F ab ii ii # ADDUI a b ii ii :: a = b + ii ii [unsigned] 10 ab ii ii # SUBI a b ii ii :: a = b - ii ii [signed] 11 ab ii ii # SUBUI a b ii ii :: a = b - ii ii [unsigned]
2OPI Integer signed compare
12 ab ii ii # CMPI a b ii ii :: a = b CMP ii ii [signed]
2OPI Integer Load
13 ab ii ii # LOAD a b ii ii :: a = MEM[b + ii ii] 14 ab ii ii # LOAD8 a b ii ii :: a = MEM[b + ii ii] [signed 8bits] 15 ab ii ii # LOADU8 a b ii ii :: a = MEM[b + ii ii] [unsigned 8bits] 16 ab ii ii # LOAD16 a b ii ii :: a = MEM[b + ii ii] [signed 16bits] 17 ab ii ii # LOADU16 a b ii ii :: a = MEM[b + ii ii] [unsigned 16bits] 18 ab ii ii # LOAD32 a b ii ii :: a = MEM[b + ii ii] [signed 32bits] 19 ab ii ii # LOADU32 a b ii ii :: a = MEM[b + ii ii] [unsigned 32bits] 1A ab ii ii # Reserved 1B ab ii ii # Reserved 1C ab ii ii # Reserved 1D ab ii ii # Reserved 1E ab ii ii # Reserved
2OPI Integer unsigned compare
1F ab ii ii # CMPUI a b ii ii :: a = b CMP ii ii [unsigned]
2OPI Integer store
20 ab ii ii # STORE a b ii :: MEM[b + ii ii] = a 21 ab ii ii # STORE8 a b ii :: MEM[b + ii ii] = a [signed 8bits] 22 ab ii ii # STOREU8 a b ii :: MEM[b + ii ii] = a [unsigned 8bits] 23 ab ii ii # STORE16 a b ii :: MEM[b + ii ii] = a [signed 16bits] 24 ab ii ii # STOREU16 a b ii :: MEM[b + ii ii] = a [unsigned 16bits] 25 ab ii ii # STORE32 a b ii :: MEM[b + ii ii] = a [signed 32bits] 26 ab ii ii # STOREU32 a b ii :: MEM[b + ii ii] = a [unsigned 32bits] 27 ab ii ii # Reserved 28 ab ii ii # Reserved 29 ab ii ii # Reserved 2A ab ii ii # Reserved 2B ab ii ii # Reserved
1OPI Groups
1OPI i ii ii is the Immediate, a = a OP i ii ii
Conditional Jumps
2C ai ii ii # JUMP.C a i ii ii :: Carry? a; PC = PC + i ii ii 2D ai ii ii # JUMP.B a i ii ii :: Borrow? a; PC = PC + i ii ii 2E ai ii ii # JUMP.O a i ii ii :: Overflow? a; PC = PC + i ii ii 2F ai ii ii # JUMP.G a i ii ii :: GT? a; PC = PC + i ii ii 30 ai ii ii # JUMP.GE a i ii ii :: GT? a | EQ? a; PC = PC + i ii ii 31 ai ii ii # JUMP.E a i ii ii :: EQ? a; PC = PC + i ii ii 32 ai ii ii # JUMP.NE a i ii ii :: NEQ? a; PC = PC + i ii ii 33 ai ii ii # JUMP.LE a i ii ii :: LT? a | EQ? a; PC = PC + i ii ii 34 ai ii ii # JUMP.L a i ii ii :: LT? a; PC = PC + i ii ii 35 ai ii ii # JUMP.Z a i ii ii :: ZERO? a; PC = PC + i ii ii 36 ai ii ii # JUMP.NZ a i ii ii :: NZERO? a; PC = PC + i ii ii 37 xx xx xx # Reserved 38 xx xx xx # Reserved 39 xx xx xx # Reserved 3A xx xx xx # Reserved 3B xx xx xx # Reserved
0OPI group
0OPI ii ii ii is the Immediate, OP ii ii ii
Unconditional jumps
3C ii ii ii # JUMP ii ii ii :: PC = PC + ii ii ii
Reserved Block 0
At this time these instructions only produce a warning; but could do anything. DO NOT USE. 3D 00 00 00 # Reserved … 41 FF FF FF # Reserve
HALCODE Group
42 hh hh hh is the HALCODE callID, invalid HALCODE SHOULD NOT BE USED.
HALCODE Reserved for Operating Systems
The following block contains both instructions that are reserved for Operating systems and for internal use by Operating systems 42 00 xx xx # Reserved … 42 0F xx xx # Reserved
Tape console HALCODE
This HALCODE is used for interacting with any tape console attached to the system.
Reference specific notes
In this reference implementation we will be interacting with a simplified version of the series 10 console. All compatible implementations need to ensure to implement functional equivelents. Provided of course that any deviations would not change any output specified to be written to tape. Padding with Zeros til start/end of page/segment however is acceptable.
Standard compatibility requirements
The following 3 devices must exist with the following exact IDs Keyboard/tty :: 00 00 00 00 Tape 1 :: 00 00 11 00 Tape 2 :: 00 00 11 01
Required Device HALCODE
42 10 00 00 # FOPEN :: Feed on device who's ID matches the contents register 0 until first non-zero byte is found. 42 10 00 01 # FCLOSE :: Close out writes to device who's ID matches the contents of register 0. 42 10 00 02 # FSEEK :: seek forward or backward the number of bytes specified in register 1 on the device who's ID matches the contents of register 0. 42 10 00 03 # REWIND :: rewind back to first non-zero byte found on tape.
Reserved Block for Hardware specific implementation details
42 10 00 04 # Reserved … 42 10 00 FF # Reserved
Required Device capability HALCODE
Device Read HALCODE
42 10 01 00 # FGETC :: read 1 byte into register 0 from device who's ID is in register 1
Reserved Block for Hardware specific implementation details
42 10 01 01 # Reserved … 42 10 01 FF # Reserved
Device Write HALCODE
42 10 02 00 # FPUTC :: write 1 byte from register 0 to device who's ID is in register 1
Reserved Block for Hardware specific implementation details
42 10 02 01 # Reserved … 42 10 02 FF # Reserved
Reserved Block for Future HALCODE Expansion
42 10 03 00 # Reserved … 42 FF FF FF # Reserved
Reserved Block 1
At this time these instructions only produce a warning; but could do anything. DO NOT USE. 43 00 00 00 # Reserved … FE FF FF FF # Reserved
0OP
FF xx xx xx # HALT equivelent, although these instructions will all be treated as HALTs. DO NOT USE THEM. FF FF FF FF # Proper HALT
Encoding/Decoding Reference
Registers
There is a direct and consistent relationship between the nybbles and the registers. Reg0 -> 0, Reg1 -> 1, … Reg14 -> E, Reg15 -> F